Design Challenges
Analog cables typically operate at line level, while phono cartridges operate at very low levels. One important consideration for line-level cabling is the impedance, capacitance, and reactance, as these electrical properties can vary between the input and output resistance of audio equipment, especially when comparing solid-state and tube equipment or a combination of both.
Line-level equipment often faces an issue with a common zero point: the voltage swing between positive and negative voltage passing through zero. Some designs may introduce a DC offset, which can cause problems if the connection between components does not share a common reference point of zero.
